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Guide · Business French

Business French glossary: everyday business terms with English and German translations

French business terms from finance, law, HR, sales and production, plus the French names of company departments, false friends between German and French and the common legal forms in France, Belgium and Switzerland. Sorted by topic for quick reference.

  • 186 entries, including 146 business terms
  • Updated

In short

  1. The glossary sorts 146 French business terms into six topics, from finance to the stock market, each with its English and German translation.
  2. Turnover is “chiffre d’affaires”, the balance sheet is “bilan” and the profit and loss account is “compte de résultat”.
  3. A French “filiale” is a subsidiary, not a branch like the German “Filiale”. A branch is a “succursale”.
  4. Legal forms such as SARL, SAS or SA usually stay untranslated in contracts.

Company departments in French

The table shows the French names of the usual departments in a company. Human resources is “les ressources humaines”, or RH for short, sales is “le service commercial”, purchasing is “les achats” and controlling is “le contrôle de gestion”.

French English German
la comptabilité accounting, accounts Buchhaltung
l’administration administration Verwaltung
les achats, le service achats purchasing, procurement Einkauf
le service client customer service Kundenservice
la direction générale senior management Geschäftsleitung
la direction financière finance department Finanzabteilung
le contrôle de gestion management control, controlling Controlling
les ressources humaines (RH) human resources (HR) Personalabteilung
le service informatique, la DSI IT department IT-Abteilung
le service juridique legal department Rechtsabteilung
la logistique logistics Logistik
le service marketing marketing department Marketingabteilung
les études de marché market research Marktforschung
la paie payroll Lohn- und Gehaltsabrechnung
la production, la fabrication production, manufacturing Produktion, Fertigung
la communication, les relations publiques communications, public relations Öffentlichkeitsarbeit
l’assurance qualité quality assurance Qualitätssicherung
l’accueil reception Empfang
la recherche et développement (R&D) research and development (R&D) Forschung und Entwicklung
le service commercial, les ventes sales Vertrieb
l’entrepôt warehouse Lager
le montage assembly Montage
les services généraux facilities management, general services Gebäudemanagement, interne Dienste

Business French glossary by topic

146 business terms in six topics, sorted alphabetically by headword within each topic. The terms follow usage in France, and some, such as SIRET or RTT, only exist there.

Finance and accounting

French English German
l’actif assets Aktiva, Vermögen
l’amortissement depreciation, amortisation, for loans also repayment Abschreibung, bei Krediten auch Tilgung
l’avoir credit note Gutschrift
le bénéfice profit Gewinn
le bilan balance sheet Bilanz
le budget budget Budget, Etat
les capitaux propres equity Eigenkapital
le chiffre d’affaires (CA) turnover, revenue Umsatz
le commissaire aux comptes statutory auditor Abschlussprüfer(in)
le compte de résultat profit and loss account (P&L) Gewinn- und Verlustrechnung (GuV)
les comptes annuels annual accounts, financial statements Jahresabschluss
les créances clients trade receivables Forderungen aus Lieferungen und Leistungen
le découvert overdraft Kontoüberziehung
les dettes debts, liabilities Schulden, Verbindlichkeiten
les dettes fournisseurs trade payables Verbindlichkeiten aus Lieferungen und Leistungen
le devis quote, estimate Kostenvoranschlag, Angebot
l’excédent brut d’exploitation (EBE) gross operating profit, broadly equivalent to EBITDA Betriebsergebnis vor Abschreibungen, entspricht weitgehend dem EBITDA
l’exercice (comptable) financial year Geschäftsjahr
l’expert-comptable roughly a chartered accountant in etwa Steuerberater(in)
la facture invoice Rechnung
le flux de trésorerie cash flow Cashflow
les frais généraux overheads Gemeinkosten
l’hypothèque mortgage Hypothek
l’impôt sur les sociétés (IS) corporation tax Körperschaftsteuer
la marge brute gross margin Bruttomarge
le numéro de TVA intracommunautaire EU VAT identification number Umsatzsteuer-Identifikationsnummer
le passif equity and liabilities Passiva
la perte loss Verlust
le prélèvement direct debit Lastschrift
le prêt, l’emprunt loan Darlehen, Kredit
le rapport annuel annual report Geschäftsbericht
le relevé de compte bank statement Kontoauszug
le résultat net net profit, net income Jahresüberschuss, Nettoergebnis
le taux de change exchange rate Wechselkurs
le taux d’intérêt interest rate Zinssatz
la trésorerie cash, liquidity Liquidität, flüssige Mittel
la TVA VAT Mehrwertsteuer, Umsatzsteuer
le virement bank transfer Überweisung

Companies, law and administration

French English German
l’actionnaire shareholder Aktionär(in)
l’assemblée générale general meeting, shareholders’ meeting Hauptversammlung, Gesellschafterversammlung
l’associé(e) partner, shareholder Gesellschafter(in), Partner(in)
l’avenant amendment, addendum Vertragsnachtrag, Zusatzvereinbarung
la clause clause Klausel
les conditions générales de vente (CGV) general terms and conditions of sale Allgemeine Verkaufsbedingungen, AGB
le conseil d’administration board of directors Verwaltungsrat, in etwa Vorstand
le contrat contract Vertrag
le directeur général, la directrice générale (DG) managing director, CEO Geschäftsführer(in)
l’extrait Kbis extract from the trade and companies register Handelsregisterauszug
la filiale subsidiary Tochtergesellschaft
la force majeure force majeure höhere Gewalt
la fusion merger Fusion
le gérant, la gérante managing director of a SARL Geschäftsführer(in) einer SARL
la liquidation judiciaire compulsory liquidation gerichtliche Liquidation
la marque déposée registered trademark eingetragene Marke
le numéro SIREN identification number of a company in France Identifikationsnummer eines Unternehmens in Frankreich
le numéro SIRET identification number of a business establishment in France Identifikationsnummer eines Betriebs in Frankreich
le président-directeur général (PDG) chairman and chief executive Vorstandsvorsitzende(r), Geschäftsführer(in)
le procès-verbal (PV) minutes, official report Protokoll, Niederschrift
la propriété intellectuelle intellectual property geistiges Eigentum
le rachat, l’acquisition takeover, acquisition Übernahme
le redressement judiciaire court-supervised restructuring gerichtliches Sanierungsverfahren
le registre du commerce et des sociétés (RCS) trade and companies register Handelsregister
la responsabilité liability, responsibility Haftung, Verantwortung
le siège social registered office Firmensitz
la société, l’entreprise company, business Unternehmen, Gesellschaft
la succursale branch Niederlassung, Zweigstelle

Human resources

French English German
l’alternant(e), l’apprenti(e) apprentice, work-study student Auszubildende(r), dual Studierende(r)
l’arrêt maladie sick leave, sick note Krankschreibung
la candidature application Bewerbung
le CDD (contrat à durée déterminée) fixed-term employment contract befristeter Arbeitsvertrag
le CDI (contrat à durée indéterminée) permanent employment contract unbefristeter Arbeitsvertrag
le comité social et économique (CSE) staff representative body, roughly a works council Arbeitnehmervertretung, in etwa Betriebsrat
les congés payés paid holiday bezahlter Urlaub
le contrat de travail employment contract Arbeitsvertrag
la démission resignation Kündigung durch den Arbeitnehmer
l’effectif headcount, workforce Personalbestand, Belegschaft
l’employeur employer Arbeitgeber(in)
l’entretien d’embauche job interview Vorstellungsgespräch
la fiche de paie payslip Gehaltsabrechnung
la lettre de motivation covering letter Anschreiben
le licenciement dismissal, including redundancy Kündigung durch den Arbeitgeber
la période d’essai probationary period Probezeit
le préavis notice period Kündigungsfrist
le recrutement recruitment Personalgewinnung
la retraite retirement, pension Ruhestand, Rente
les RTT days off in lieu for working beyond 35 hours a week Ausgleichstage für Arbeitszeit über 35 Stunden
le salaire brut, le salaire net gross salary, net salary Bruttogehalt, Nettogehalt
le salarié, la salariée employee Arbeitnehmer(in), Angestellte(r)
le/la stagiaire intern, trainee Praktikant(in)
le syndicat trade union Gewerkschaft
le télétravail working from home, remote work Homeoffice

Sales, marketing and purchasing

French English German
l’appel d’offres call for tenders Ausschreibung
le bon de commande purchase order Bestellschein
le bouche-à-oreille word of mouth Mundpropaganda
la campagne publicitaire advertising campaign Werbekampagne
la cible target group, target audience Zielgruppe
le client, la cliente customer, client Kunde, Kundin
la commande order Bestellung
le commercial, la commerciale sales representative Vertriebsmitarbeiter(in)
la commission commission Provision
le délai de paiement payment term Zahlungsfrist
le détaillant retailer Einzelhändler
le distributeur distributor, dealer Vertriebspartner, Händler
le fournisseur supplier Lieferant
la gamme de produits product range Produktpalette
le grossiste wholesaler Großhändler
le lancement d’un produit product launch Markteinführung
la marque brand Marke
la part de marché market share Marktanteil
la proposition commerciale sales proposal, quote Angebot
le prospect prospective customer, prospect potenzielle(r) Kunde, Kundin
la prospection prospecting, customer acquisition Kundenakquise
la remise discount Rabatt, Nachlass
le retour sur investissement (ROI) return on investment (ROI) Kapitalrendite
le salon professionnel trade fair Fachmesse
le service après-vente (SAV) after-sales service Kundendienst

Production and logistics

French English German
le bon de livraison delivery note Lieferschein
le cahier des charges specification, requirements document Lastenheft
la chaîne de montage assembly line Montageband
le composant component Bauteil, Komponente
le contrôle qualité quality control Qualitätskontrolle
le délai de livraison delivery time, lead time Lieferzeit
les économies d’échelle economies of scale Skaleneffekte
l’emballage packaging Verpackung
l’expédition dispatch, shipping Versand
la matière première raw material Rohstoff
la norme standard Norm
la pièce détachée spare part Ersatzteil
le produit fini finished product Fertigerzeugnis
la sous-traitance subcontracting, outsourcing Fremdvergabe, Auftragsfertigung
le stock stock, inventory Lagerbestand
le transporteur carrier, haulier Spediteur, Frachtführer
l’usine plant, factory Werk, Fabrik

Economy and stock market

French English German
l’action share Aktie
la Bourse stock exchange Börse
la concurrence competition Wettbewerb
la croissance growth Wachstum
l’entrepreneur, l’entrepreneuse entrepreneur Unternehmer(in)
les ETI mid-sized companies, roughly the upper Mittelstand mittelgroße Unternehmen, in etwa gehobener Mittelstand
l’exportation export Export
introduire en Bourse to float on the stock exchange an die Börse bringen
l’obligation bond Anleihe
l’offre et la demande supply and demand Angebot und Nachfrage
les PME small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU)
le produit intérieur brut (PIB) gross domestic product (GDP) Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP)
le taux d’inflation inflation rate Inflationsrate

False friends in business French

These French words look like German ones but mean something different. The middle column shows the German word they are confused with, the right-hand column the correct French for that German word.

Several of them catch out English speakers too: a French “location” is a rental, not a place, an “agenda” is a diary and a “magasin” is a shop.

French word and its meaning Not to be confused with Correct French
la filiale = subsidiary Filiale (branch) la succursale, l’agence
l’action = share Aktion, as in Werbeaktion (promotion) l’opération promotionnelle
la location = renting, rental Location (venue) le lieu
le rendez-vous = appointment Rendezvous (a romantic date) le rendez-vous galant
le tarif = price, price list Tarif (collective agreement) la convention collective
le magasin = shop, storeroom Magazin (magazine) le magazine
la manifestation = event, demonstration Manifestation (expression of something) l’expression
les charges = costs, contributions Charge (production batch) le lot
l’agenda = diary Agenda (agenda for a meeting) l’ordre du jour
le collaborateur, la collaboratrice = employee, colleague Kollaborateur (someone who collaborates with an enemy) le collaborationniste

Legal forms in France, Belgium and Switzerland

The most common legal forms in French-speaking countries with their approximate German and UK equivalents. In contracts and extracts from the commercial register, the legal form stays untranslated, because the legal forms differ in the detail.

Country Legal form Approximate equivalent
France SA (société anonyme) Aktiengesellschaft, in the UK a public limited company (plc)
France SAS (société par actions simplifiée) Simplified joint-stock company, often used like a GmbH or a private limited company
France SARL (société à responsabilité limitée) GmbH, in the UK a private limited company (Ltd)
France EURL Single-member GmbH or private limited company
Belgium SRL (société à responsabilité limitée) GmbH or private limited company, replacing the SPRL since 2019
Switzerland Sàrl GmbH or private limited company
Switzerland SA Aktiengesellschaft or public limited company

Contracts and register extracts are translated by specialist legal translators. Find out more about our legal translations.

FAQ

What is the French for turnover?

“Le chiffre d’affaires”, abbreviated to CA. Profit is “le bénéfice” and net profit is “le résultat net”.

What is the difference between filiale and succursale?

A “filiale” is a legally independent subsidiary. A “succursale” is a branch without its own legal personality. The German “Filiale” therefore corresponds more closely to a “succursale” or an “agence”.

What do CDI and CDD mean?

A CDI, “contrat à durée indéterminée”, is a permanent employment contract. A CDD, “contrat à durée déterminée”, is a fixed-term contract.

What is a VAT identification number called in French?

“Le numéro de TVA intracommunautaire”. VAT itself is “la TVA”, short for “taxe sur la valeur ajoutée”.

Do you translate legal forms such as SARL or SAS?

In contracts and official documents, the legal form usually stays as it is, so “SARL” or “SAS”, with an explanation if needed. German and UK equivalents are only approximate, because the legal forms differ in the detail.

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Written by the tolingo editorial team

Last updated 16 October 2026