Guide · Business French
Business French glossary: everyday business terms with English and German translations
French business terms from finance, law, HR, sales and production, plus the French names of company departments, false friends between German and French and the common legal forms in France, Belgium and Switzerland. Sorted by topic for quick reference.
In short
- The glossary sorts 146 French business terms into six topics, from finance to the stock market, each with its English and German translation.
- Turnover is “chiffre d’affaires”, the balance sheet is “bilan” and the profit and loss account is “compte de résultat”.
- A French “filiale” is a subsidiary, not a branch like the German “Filiale”. A branch is a “succursale”.
- Legal forms such as SARL, SAS or SA usually stay untranslated in contracts.
Company departments in French
The table shows the French names of the usual departments in a company. Human resources is “les ressources humaines”, or RH for short, sales is “le service commercial”, purchasing is “les achats” and controlling is “le contrôle de gestion”.
| French | English | German |
|---|---|---|
| la comptabilité | accounting, accounts | Buchhaltung |
| l’administration | administration | Verwaltung |
| les achats, le service achats | purchasing, procurement | Einkauf |
| le service client | customer service | Kundenservice |
| la direction générale | senior management | Geschäftsleitung |
| la direction financière | finance department | Finanzabteilung |
| le contrôle de gestion | management control, controlling | Controlling |
| les ressources humaines (RH) | human resources (HR) | Personalabteilung |
| le service informatique, la DSI | IT department | IT-Abteilung |
| le service juridique | legal department | Rechtsabteilung |
| la logistique | logistics | Logistik |
| le service marketing | marketing department | Marketingabteilung |
| les études de marché | market research | Marktforschung |
| la paie | payroll | Lohn- und Gehaltsabrechnung |
| la production, la fabrication | production, manufacturing | Produktion, Fertigung |
| la communication, les relations publiques | communications, public relations | Öffentlichkeitsarbeit |
| l’assurance qualité | quality assurance | Qualitätssicherung |
| l’accueil | reception | Empfang |
| la recherche et développement (R&D) | research and development (R&D) | Forschung und Entwicklung |
| le service commercial, les ventes | sales | Vertrieb |
| l’entrepôt | warehouse | Lager |
| le montage | assembly | Montage |
| les services généraux | facilities management, general services | Gebäudemanagement, interne Dienste |
Business French glossary by topic
146 business terms in six topics, sorted alphabetically by headword within each topic. The terms follow usage in France, and some, such as SIRET or RTT, only exist there.
Finance and accounting
| French | English | German |
|---|---|---|
| l’actif | assets | Aktiva, Vermögen |
| l’amortissement | depreciation, amortisation, for loans also repayment | Abschreibung, bei Krediten auch Tilgung |
| l’avoir | credit note | Gutschrift |
| le bénéfice | profit | Gewinn |
| le bilan | balance sheet | Bilanz |
| le budget | budget | Budget, Etat |
| les capitaux propres | equity | Eigenkapital |
| le chiffre d’affaires (CA) | turnover, revenue | Umsatz |
| le commissaire aux comptes | statutory auditor | Abschlussprüfer(in) |
| le compte de résultat | profit and loss account (P&L) | Gewinn- und Verlustrechnung (GuV) |
| les comptes annuels | annual accounts, financial statements | Jahresabschluss |
| les créances clients | trade receivables | Forderungen aus Lieferungen und Leistungen |
| le découvert | overdraft | Kontoüberziehung |
| les dettes | debts, liabilities | Schulden, Verbindlichkeiten |
| les dettes fournisseurs | trade payables | Verbindlichkeiten aus Lieferungen und Leistungen |
| le devis | quote, estimate | Kostenvoranschlag, Angebot |
| l’excédent brut d’exploitation (EBE) | gross operating profit, broadly equivalent to EBITDA | Betriebsergebnis vor Abschreibungen, entspricht weitgehend dem EBITDA |
| l’exercice (comptable) | financial year | Geschäftsjahr |
| l’expert-comptable | roughly a chartered accountant | in etwa Steuerberater(in) |
| la facture | invoice | Rechnung |
| le flux de trésorerie | cash flow | Cashflow |
| les frais généraux | overheads | Gemeinkosten |
| l’hypothèque | mortgage | Hypothek |
| l’impôt sur les sociétés (IS) | corporation tax | Körperschaftsteuer |
| la marge brute | gross margin | Bruttomarge |
| le numéro de TVA intracommunautaire | EU VAT identification number | Umsatzsteuer-Identifikationsnummer |
| le passif | equity and liabilities | Passiva |
| la perte | loss | Verlust |
| le prélèvement | direct debit | Lastschrift |
| le prêt, l’emprunt | loan | Darlehen, Kredit |
| le rapport annuel | annual report | Geschäftsbericht |
| le relevé de compte | bank statement | Kontoauszug |
| le résultat net | net profit, net income | Jahresüberschuss, Nettoergebnis |
| le taux de change | exchange rate | Wechselkurs |
| le taux d’intérêt | interest rate | Zinssatz |
| la trésorerie | cash, liquidity | Liquidität, flüssige Mittel |
| la TVA | VAT | Mehrwertsteuer, Umsatzsteuer |
| le virement | bank transfer | Überweisung |
Companies, law and administration
| French | English | German |
|---|---|---|
| l’actionnaire | shareholder | Aktionär(in) |
| l’assemblée générale | general meeting, shareholders’ meeting | Hauptversammlung, Gesellschafterversammlung |
| l’associé(e) | partner, shareholder | Gesellschafter(in), Partner(in) |
| l’avenant | amendment, addendum | Vertragsnachtrag, Zusatzvereinbarung |
| la clause | clause | Klausel |
| les conditions générales de vente (CGV) | general terms and conditions of sale | Allgemeine Verkaufsbedingungen, AGB |
| le conseil d’administration | board of directors | Verwaltungsrat, in etwa Vorstand |
| le contrat | contract | Vertrag |
| le directeur général, la directrice générale (DG) | managing director, CEO | Geschäftsführer(in) |
| l’extrait Kbis | extract from the trade and companies register | Handelsregisterauszug |
| la filiale | subsidiary | Tochtergesellschaft |
| la force majeure | force majeure | höhere Gewalt |
| la fusion | merger | Fusion |
| le gérant, la gérante | managing director of a SARL | Geschäftsführer(in) einer SARL |
| la liquidation judiciaire | compulsory liquidation | gerichtliche Liquidation |
| la marque déposée | registered trademark | eingetragene Marke |
| le numéro SIREN | identification number of a company in France | Identifikationsnummer eines Unternehmens in Frankreich |
| le numéro SIRET | identification number of a business establishment in France | Identifikationsnummer eines Betriebs in Frankreich |
| le président-directeur général (PDG) | chairman and chief executive | Vorstandsvorsitzende(r), Geschäftsführer(in) |
| le procès-verbal (PV) | minutes, official report | Protokoll, Niederschrift |
| la propriété intellectuelle | intellectual property | geistiges Eigentum |
| le rachat, l’acquisition | takeover, acquisition | Übernahme |
| le redressement judiciaire | court-supervised restructuring | gerichtliches Sanierungsverfahren |
| le registre du commerce et des sociétés (RCS) | trade and companies register | Handelsregister |
| la responsabilité | liability, responsibility | Haftung, Verantwortung |
| le siège social | registered office | Firmensitz |
| la société, l’entreprise | company, business | Unternehmen, Gesellschaft |
| la succursale | branch | Niederlassung, Zweigstelle |
Human resources
| French | English | German |
|---|---|---|
| l’alternant(e), l’apprenti(e) | apprentice, work-study student | Auszubildende(r), dual Studierende(r) |
| l’arrêt maladie | sick leave, sick note | Krankschreibung |
| la candidature | application | Bewerbung |
| le CDD (contrat à durée déterminée) | fixed-term employment contract | befristeter Arbeitsvertrag |
| le CDI (contrat à durée indéterminée) | permanent employment contract | unbefristeter Arbeitsvertrag |
| le comité social et économique (CSE) | staff representative body, roughly a works council | Arbeitnehmervertretung, in etwa Betriebsrat |
| les congés payés | paid holiday | bezahlter Urlaub |
| le contrat de travail | employment contract | Arbeitsvertrag |
| la démission | resignation | Kündigung durch den Arbeitnehmer |
| l’effectif | headcount, workforce | Personalbestand, Belegschaft |
| l’employeur | employer | Arbeitgeber(in) |
| l’entretien d’embauche | job interview | Vorstellungsgespräch |
| la fiche de paie | payslip | Gehaltsabrechnung |
| la lettre de motivation | covering letter | Anschreiben |
| le licenciement | dismissal, including redundancy | Kündigung durch den Arbeitgeber |
| la période d’essai | probationary period | Probezeit |
| le préavis | notice period | Kündigungsfrist |
| le recrutement | recruitment | Personalgewinnung |
| la retraite | retirement, pension | Ruhestand, Rente |
| les RTT | days off in lieu for working beyond 35 hours a week | Ausgleichstage für Arbeitszeit über 35 Stunden |
| le salaire brut, le salaire net | gross salary, net salary | Bruttogehalt, Nettogehalt |
| le salarié, la salariée | employee | Arbeitnehmer(in), Angestellte(r) |
| le/la stagiaire | intern, trainee | Praktikant(in) |
| le syndicat | trade union | Gewerkschaft |
| le télétravail | working from home, remote work | Homeoffice |
Sales, marketing and purchasing
| French | English | German |
|---|---|---|
| l’appel d’offres | call for tenders | Ausschreibung |
| le bon de commande | purchase order | Bestellschein |
| le bouche-à-oreille | word of mouth | Mundpropaganda |
| la campagne publicitaire | advertising campaign | Werbekampagne |
| la cible | target group, target audience | Zielgruppe |
| le client, la cliente | customer, client | Kunde, Kundin |
| la commande | order | Bestellung |
| le commercial, la commerciale | sales representative | Vertriebsmitarbeiter(in) |
| la commission | commission | Provision |
| le délai de paiement | payment term | Zahlungsfrist |
| le détaillant | retailer | Einzelhändler |
| le distributeur | distributor, dealer | Vertriebspartner, Händler |
| le fournisseur | supplier | Lieferant |
| la gamme de produits | product range | Produktpalette |
| le grossiste | wholesaler | Großhändler |
| le lancement d’un produit | product launch | Markteinführung |
| la marque | brand | Marke |
| la part de marché | market share | Marktanteil |
| la proposition commerciale | sales proposal, quote | Angebot |
| le prospect | prospective customer, prospect | potenzielle(r) Kunde, Kundin |
| la prospection | prospecting, customer acquisition | Kundenakquise |
| la remise | discount | Rabatt, Nachlass |
| le retour sur investissement (ROI) | return on investment (ROI) | Kapitalrendite |
| le salon professionnel | trade fair | Fachmesse |
| le service après-vente (SAV) | after-sales service | Kundendienst |
Production and logistics
| French | English | German |
|---|---|---|
| le bon de livraison | delivery note | Lieferschein |
| le cahier des charges | specification, requirements document | Lastenheft |
| la chaîne de montage | assembly line | Montageband |
| le composant | component | Bauteil, Komponente |
| le contrôle qualité | quality control | Qualitätskontrolle |
| le délai de livraison | delivery time, lead time | Lieferzeit |
| les économies d’échelle | economies of scale | Skaleneffekte |
| l’emballage | packaging | Verpackung |
| l’expédition | dispatch, shipping | Versand |
| la matière première | raw material | Rohstoff |
| la norme | standard | Norm |
| la pièce détachée | spare part | Ersatzteil |
| le produit fini | finished product | Fertigerzeugnis |
| la sous-traitance | subcontracting, outsourcing | Fremdvergabe, Auftragsfertigung |
| le stock | stock, inventory | Lagerbestand |
| le transporteur | carrier, haulier | Spediteur, Frachtführer |
| l’usine | plant, factory | Werk, Fabrik |
Economy and stock market
| French | English | German |
|---|---|---|
| l’action | share | Aktie |
| la Bourse | stock exchange | Börse |
| la concurrence | competition | Wettbewerb |
| la croissance | growth | Wachstum |
| l’entrepreneur, l’entrepreneuse | entrepreneur | Unternehmer(in) |
| les ETI | mid-sized companies, roughly the upper Mittelstand | mittelgroße Unternehmen, in etwa gehobener Mittelstand |
| l’exportation | export | Export |
| introduire en Bourse | to float on the stock exchange | an die Börse bringen |
| l’obligation | bond | Anleihe |
| l’offre et la demande | supply and demand | Angebot und Nachfrage |
| les PME | small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) | kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) |
| le produit intérieur brut (PIB) | gross domestic product (GDP) | Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) |
| le taux d’inflation | inflation rate | Inflationsrate |
False friends in business French
These French words look like German ones but mean something different. The middle column shows the German word they are confused with, the right-hand column the correct French for that German word.
Several of them catch out English speakers too: a French “location” is a rental, not a place, an “agenda” is a diary and a “magasin” is a shop.
| French word and its meaning | Not to be confused with | Correct French |
|---|---|---|
| la filiale = subsidiary | Filiale (branch) | la succursale, l’agence |
| l’action = share | Aktion, as in Werbeaktion (promotion) | l’opération promotionnelle |
| la location = renting, rental | Location (venue) | le lieu |
| le rendez-vous = appointment | Rendezvous (a romantic date) | le rendez-vous galant |
| le tarif = price, price list | Tarif (collective agreement) | la convention collective |
| le magasin = shop, storeroom | Magazin (magazine) | le magazine |
| la manifestation = event, demonstration | Manifestation (expression of something) | l’expression |
| les charges = costs, contributions | Charge (production batch) | le lot |
| l’agenda = diary | Agenda (agenda for a meeting) | l’ordre du jour |
| le collaborateur, la collaboratrice = employee, colleague | Kollaborateur (someone who collaborates with an enemy) | le collaborationniste |
Legal forms in France, Belgium and Switzerland
The most common legal forms in French-speaking countries with their approximate German and UK equivalents. In contracts and extracts from the commercial register, the legal form stays untranslated, because the legal forms differ in the detail.
| Country | Legal form | Approximate equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| France | SA (société anonyme) | Aktiengesellschaft, in the UK a public limited company (plc) |
| France | SAS (société par actions simplifiée) | Simplified joint-stock company, often used like a GmbH or a private limited company |
| France | SARL (société à responsabilité limitée) | GmbH, in the UK a private limited company (Ltd) |
| France | EURL | Single-member GmbH or private limited company |
| Belgium | SRL (société à responsabilité limitée) | GmbH or private limited company, replacing the SPRL since 2019 |
| Switzerland | Sàrl | GmbH or private limited company |
| Switzerland | SA | Aktiengesellschaft or public limited company |
Contracts and register extracts are translated by specialist legal translators. Find out more about our legal translations.
FAQ
What is the French for turnover?
“Le chiffre d’affaires”, abbreviated to CA. Profit is “le bénéfice” and net profit is “le résultat net”.
What is the difference between filiale and succursale?
A “filiale” is a legally independent subsidiary. A “succursale” is a branch without its own legal personality. The German “Filiale” therefore corresponds more closely to a “succursale” or an “agence”.
What do CDI and CDD mean?
A CDI, “contrat à durée indéterminée”, is a permanent employment contract. A CDD, “contrat à durée déterminée”, is a fixed-term contract.
What is a VAT identification number called in French?
“Le numéro de TVA intracommunautaire”. VAT itself is “la TVA”, short for “taxe sur la valeur ajoutée”.
Do you translate legal forms such as SARL or SAS?
In contracts and official documents, the legal form usually stays as it is, so “SARL” or “SAS”, with an explanation if needed. German and UK equivalents are only approximate, because the legal forms differ in the detail.
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